[16] if 가정법

 

Part1. 일반 사실을 바탕으로 하는 일반 조건절

걔가 아무말도 안하면, 걔가 화났다는 거야

 

☞ If he doesn't say anything, that means he is upset.

 

냄새가 안좋으면, 아마 먹기에 안전하지 않다는거야

 

☞ If it smells bad, it's probably not safe to eat

 

거기 사람이 너무 많으면, 다른데 가는게 나을거 같아

 

☞ If there are too many people, it's better to go somewhere else

 

지하철 타면, 더 빨라

 

☞ If you take the subway, it's faster

 

5시 전에 나가면, 차 별로 안막힐거야

 

☞ If you leave before 5 o'clock, there isn't much traffic

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Part2. 현재 사실을 뒤집어서 조건절로

< if + 과거 시제 , could / would be able to >

내 학교에서 먼 곳에 살아, 그래서 아침에 학교가는데 시간이 오래 걸려

학교에 좀 더 가까이 살았으면, 시간을 좀 더 절약할 수 있을 텐데

 

I live far from school, so it takes a lot of time to go to school in the morning

☞ If I lived closer to school, I could(would be able to) save more time.

       live 안됨                                       can  안됨

 

나 일주일에 6번 일하러가. 그래서 주말에 계획 세우는게 어려워

일주일에 딱 5일만 간다면, 주말에 더 많은 것들을 할 수 있을텐데

 

I go to work 6 times a week. So it's hard to make plans on weekends

☞ If I went to work just 5 days a week, I would be able to(could) do more things on weekends.

 

난 외장하드를 하나 갖고 있어, 그래서 어딜가든 음악이나 영화 갖고 다닐 수 있어

이게 없다면, 그러진 못할 거야

 

I have an external hard drive, so i can carry my music and movies wherever I go

☞ If I didn't have one, I woudn't be able to (couldn't) do that

 

*one : 일반적인 외장하드 (꼭 내 드라이브가 아니더라도)

 

나는 살이 쉽게 쪄, 그래서 먹는걸 조심해야돼

내가 쉽게 찌지 않는다면, 좀더 자유롭게 음식을 즐길텐데

 

I gain weight quite easily, so I have to be careful about what i eat.

☞ But if I didn't gain weight so easily, I would be able to enjoy food more freely

 

저는 경험이 많지 않아서요 , 그래서 시간이 오래 걸려요

경험이 많았으면, 그렇게 오래걸리진 않았을거에요

 

I don't have any experience, so it takes a lot of time

☞ If I had a lot of experience, it wouldn't take so long

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Part3. 조건절 미래 (조건절은 현재형 시제)

1) 어떤 조건 하에 나의 의지/계획/인과관계 (be going to)

   

   이번주에 비오면, 집에 있을려고

 

  ☞ If it rains this weekend, I'm going to stay home.

 

   그녀가 물어보면, 나 그냥 아무것도 모르는척 할거야

 

  ☞ If she asks, I'm just gong to pretend I don't know anything

 

   오늘 일찍 퇴근하면, 친구들 몇명 만나서 술한잔 하게

 

   ☞ If I get off work early today, I'm going to meet up with some friends for some drinks.

 

   이런 일이 또 발생하면 걔들은 모든걸 잃을걸

 

   ☞ If this happens again, they're going to lose everything

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2) 어떤 조건 하에 ~ 을 할 수도 있다/할지도 모른다/ 해도 된다/ 하면 된다 (can / might/ don't have to )

    이게 마음에 안들면, 환불 해도돼  (환불 :  refund 보다는  return / send it back 을 좀 더 많이 씀 )

 

   ☞ If you don't like it, you can return it / send it back

 

    진짜 열심히 공부하면, 시험 통과할 수도 있어        

 

   ☞ If you study really hard, you might pass the test

 

    늦으면 택시 타도돼

 

   ☞ If you're late, you can just take a taxi

 

    그녀한테 사실대로 얘기하면, 이해해줄수도 있어

 

   ☞ If you tell her the truth, she might understand

 

   배 안고프면 안먹어도돼

 

    ☞ You don't have to eat if you're not hungry

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3) 조동사+조동사  or 시제 + 조동사  (might have to / might be able to  or  will be able to / be going to be able to  )

   "~ 해야 될 수도 있어" /   "~ 할 수도 있어" or   "~해야 할거야" (미래 + 가능성)

 

   내가 돈을 충분히 못 모으면 빌려야 될 수도 있어

 

  ☞ If I can't save enough money, I might have to borrow some. (아주 많이 씀 ; ~해야 될수도있다) 

 

   오늘 회의에서 마이클이 발표 하기로 돼있어. 근데 걔가 늦으면 너가 해야될 수도 있어

 

  ☞ Michael is supposed to give a presentation in the meeting today. But if he's late, you might have to do it

 

   걔들이 우릴 도와주지 않으면, 우리는 이걸 제시간에 끝낼 수 없을 거야

 

  ☞ If they don't help us, we won't be able to finish this on time.

 

   우리 지금 가면 막차 탈 수도 있어

 

   ☞ If we leave(go) now, we might be able to catch the last train/bus

 

   날씨가 진짜 좋으면, 좋은 사진들 좀 찍을 수 있을 거야 

 

   ☞ If the weather is really clear(nice), we're going to be able to  takes some nice picture

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Part4. 과거에 이미 일어났던일을 반대로 가정

 

 1) ~ 을 했을거야 / 이랬을거야 / 저랬을거야 (would have pp)

 

저 어제 늦게 잤어요. 그래서 오늘 아침에 일어나는게 힘들었어요

어제 좀 더 일찍 잤다면, 오늘 일어나는게 그렇게 힘들지 않았을거야

 

☞ I went to be late yesterday and/ so it was hard to get up this morning

    If I had gone to bed earlier last night / yesterday, It wouldn't have been so hard to get up this morning

 

내가 준비가 안됐었어, 그래서 인터뷰 잘 못했어

좀 더 준비가 돼있었으면, 좀 더 잘 할 수 있었을 텐데 

 

☞ I wasn't prepared, so I didn't do well on the interview

     If I had been more prepared, I would've done better (on the interview)

 

아침을 안먹었어서, 시험보는 동안 너무 배고팠었어

내가 아침 먹었었더라면, 시험 보는 동안 그렇게 배고프진 않았을거야

 

☞ I didn't eat breakfast, so I was very hungry during the test

    If I had eaten breakfast, I wouldn't have been so hungry during the test and I would've concentrated batter'

 

걔 상황을 몰랐어, 그래서 못도와 줬어

걔 상황을 알았었다면 도와 줬을 텐데

 

☞ I didn't know about his situation, so I couldn't help him

     If I had known about his situation, I would've helped him

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2) ~을 할 수도 있었을 거야 / ~ 했었을 지도 몰라 (might have pp)

 

걔가 나한테 물어봤었다면, 도와줬을 지도 몰라

 

☞ If he had asked me, I might've helped him

 

그녀가 좀 더 열심히 연습을 했었으면, 그 실수를 안했을 지도 몰라

 

☞ If she had practiced harder, she might not've made that mistake

 

내가 좀 더 알아봤더라면, 다른 결정을 했었을지도 몰라

 

☞ If I had looked into it (a little more), I might've made a different decision/ chosen a different one

 

*look into something : ~을/에 대해서 알아보다

 

그가 그녀한테 말 안했었으면  걔는 그게 얼마나 중요한건지 몰랐을지도 몰라

 

☞ If he hadn't told her, she might not've realized how important it was

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3) ~을 할 수도 있었을 거야 / ~ 할 수 있었을 텐데 (could have pp)

 

공부를 좀 열심히 했었더라면,더 좋은 학교에 갈 수 있었을텐데

 

☞  If I had studied harder, I could've gone to a better school

                                       (would have been able to)

*could've : 더 좋았었을 결과에 대해 말할 때 (아쉬움이 있는 뉘앙스)

*might've : 추측

 

나한테 물어봤었으면, 내가 도와줄수 있었는데

 

☞ If you had asked me, I could've helped you

 

니가 도와주지 않았다면, 제시간에 못끝냈을 거야

 

☞ If you had not helped me, I couldn't have finished this on time

 

우리가 조금이라도 늦게 떠났다면, 여기에 이시간에 도착못햇을거야

 

☞  If we had left a little later, we couldn't have arrived here at this time

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4) ~해야 했을거야 / 해야 됐었을거야 / (부정형) ~하지 않아도 됐을거야 (would've had to, would've needed to)

 

내가 돈을 충분히 모으지 못했었으면, 거기에 1년 더 있었어야 했을거야

 

☞ If I hadn't saved enough money, I would've had to be(stay) there for another year

 

그녀가 시험을 합격 못했었으면, 1년더 (시험을) 준비해야 했을 거야

 

☞ If she hadn't passed the exam, she would've had to prepare another year for the test // preapre for the test for another year

 

너가 좀 더 일찍 얘기해줬으면, 내가 이렇게 오래 안기다려도 됐었잖아

☞ If you had told me a little earlier, I wouldn't have had to wait this long

 

내가 그 실수를 하지 않았으면, 우리가 이걸 다시 할 필요가 없었을거야

☞ If I hadn't made that mistake, we wouldn't have had to do this again

 

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Practice

 

1. If I knew I got to regret not to speak English well, I would've studied harder and harder

 

☞ 영어에서는 '후회할줄 알았으면' 이라는 표현을 쓰지 않음

☞ If I knew(had known) I would need to use English, I would've studied harder.

 

2. If I knew your phone number, I would call you

 

☞ 과거로 바꾸면,

☞ If I knew(had known) your phone number, I would've called you

 

3. If I knew LA earlier, I wouldn't have difficulty in learning English.

 

☞ knew + something 인 경우, 전치사 about 필요 (사람인 경우에는 필요없음)

☞ If I knew(had known) about LA earlier, I wouldn't have had such a difficult time learning english.

 

4. If I had known it had car accident, I would have fastened seat belt.

 

☞ If I had known I would be in a car accident, I would've fastened seat belt

☞ If I had known there would be a car accident, I would've fastened my seat belt

 

5. If I had known about that accident, I wouldn't have gone through a rough period. I should've known it.

 

☞ 이미 일어난 일에 대한 시간에 대해 표현 "such" a rough period

☞  If I had known that happened (about that), I wouldn't have gone through such a rough period.

I should've know about it

 

6. If I had had money enough, I would have bought the house

 

☞  had + had  는 가능하면 피하는 것이 좋음(?) 

☞  If I had enough money, I would have bought the house

 

7. If I knew about the Live Academy earlier, I wouldn't have spent my time exploring other Youtube channels

 

☞ 이미 일어난 일에 대한 시간 "so much time"

☞ If I knew about the Live Academy earlier, I wouldn't have spent so much time exploring other Youtube channels

 

8. If I had known she'd been already married, I wouldn't have tried to asking her phone number 

 

☞ 이미 결혼한 상태 (was already married), 물어보는 것은 선택 (굳이 노력 언급 X)

☞ 전화번호를 달라고 하다: asked 'for' her phone number

☞ If I had known she was already married, I wouldn't have asked for her phone number

 

9. If I knew that was wrong, I wouldn't have done that

 

10. If I had known the fact that she already dated another guy, I wouldn't have loved her

 

☞ 만나고 있는 중 이므로  was dating, love 보다는 관심을 갖다 interested in

☞ If I had known she was (already) dating another guy, I wouldn't have taken interest in her

 

11. If I had known what I know when I was in college, I would have live a better life.

 

☞ Back (when I was) in collge, if I had known what I know now, I would have lived a better life. 13'